What is Bakelite?: The Plastic That Changed the World

What is Bakelite Plastic?

Bakelite is the earliest invented plastic by a man. It is also called phenol-formaldehyde resin; the name comes as phenol and formaldehyde, which are the main compounds responsible for making bakelite resin. It is hard, incapable of fusing, has a good surface hardness, is dimensionally stable, and is chemically resistant.

Before delving deep into Baketlitre plastic’s attributes, I would like to share with everyone how plastic has become an integral part of our lives even when we don’t really think about it that much.

From your toothbrush to the hairbrush, from the water bottle to baby feeding bottle, interior in your car to the interior in your office furniture, component in your smartphone to a component in your laptop/computer, plastic is everywhere. They have influenced our lives in more ways than we can imagine.

However, it wasn’t always like that. Up until 3-4 centuries ago, things were mostly made of metals like iron, steel, and aluminium. Before that, the situation was even weirder, everything was haywire, and things were made from bones, animal flesh, skin, ivory, wood, plant fibers.

The History of Plastic and Bakelite – 

The earlier use of plastic has been found out to be in the 1700s(Closest estimations). Plastic substances like latex extracted from plants were being used for producing certain products.

After that, in the 1800s, the industrial revolution had just begun, scientists and chemists started finding out reliable alternatives. Multiple variations to plastics were invented like celluloid – from plant cellulose(which it is still used) and Gallliath – made from milk protein and formaldehyde.

But then something happened which led me to write this piece :). In 1909 ( he got the U.S patent for plastic this year), a German chemist named Leo Baekeland invented the first entirely synthetic plastic material (Bakelite). Little did he knew his invention was going to change the world.

In terms of properties, it was decades ahead of its predecessors. Chemical and heat resistance with good electrical insulating properties are the main attributes that made Bakelite plastic a crucial invention. Those supremely ahead of their time features made Bakelite a much-needed force in the emerging automobile and electrical industries in the 1900s.

Bakelite plastic had all the modern features someone would expect in a plastic material found today; it was hard, durable, and could be moulded into various shapes. Manufacturers soon realized the potential and used it to manufacture many products. Customers flocked to buy products made from the newly invented plastic thanks to its aesthetics, sleek, stylish and premium feelings.

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Is Bakelite Still Used Today?

 

Back in the day, when it was newly invented, it hit the market like a dump truck, and general customers fell in love with the products made by bakelite.

Contrary to popular notion, It is still utilized in certain parts for automobiles and space shuttles thanks to its electrically insulating properties. Apart from that, it is still used in industrial applications like switches and electrical appliances.

Although the use is minimal as advanced plastics have made their way to the manufacturing workshops with much better properties for the production of new complex products.

Almost everything sold from 1920 to the early 1950s was made from bakelite material – telephones, clocks, pens, jewellery boxes, kitchenware, radios, lamps, desk sets, chess boards, billiard balls, poker chips, etc.

Bakelite plastic started a new era for consumers with attractive and affordable goods previously reserved for the elites.

It also made an irreplaceable mark in the fashion industry with affordable jewellery and clothes. Bakelite-made jewellery was lightweight, affordable, and intricate in design, and it also introduced plastics to the fashion world – nylon, spandex, polyester, etc., followed the created legacy.

Change of Fortunes for Bakelite – 

Bakelite was a thermoset which means it can only be heated once (for optimal use), which in turn gives it its most beneficial property, electrical insulation; however, things starting to quickly change in the 1950s when several other plastics(Mostly thermoplastics) came to the market and edged out bakelite.

Thermoplastics can be heated multiple times without significant degradation of properties which made them extremely popular among manufacturers.

That means bakelite material became extinct(almost) because of the same thing which made it popular.

Let’s dive into key properties of bakelite material:

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Key Properties – 

1. Excellent resistance to several destructive solvents
2. Easily processable
3. Good heat and search resistant attributes
4. Thanks to its low electric conductivity, it is resistant to electric current.
5. Products with high surface finished can be obtained.

FAQs –

1.  Does Bakelite still contain asbestos?

Ans. Even today, bakelite products can still contain up to 5% asbestos. In addition, the particle variation usually found in bakelite is amosite (brown asbestos) which is extremely dangerous. Having said that, it is impossible to know which Bakelite products, or how many, contain asbestos.

2. How do you identify Bakelite?

Ans. There are many ways to identify bakelite. However, the two most popular methods techniques use smell and sound.

Rub the item you want to identify rigorously until the rubbed part becomes hot. Then before it cools, take a whiff. If it’s bakelite, then you’ll smell a chemical odor similar to formaldehyde.

The second method involves the sound; when two pieces by bakelite are tapped, a “clunk” sound is created, which is a very distinctive sound, different from the sound made by tapping other day-to-day products made from other plastics.

3. Is Bakelite worth anything now?

Ans. As it was the first plastic material invented having multiple applications, many bakelite accessories can be found in antique stores selling products originally worth pennies for hundreds of dollars.

4. What are the 7 types of plastic?

Ans. Below are the 7 types of plastics:

1) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE)

2) High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

3) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC – U)

4) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

5) Polypropylene (PP)

6) Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS)

7) OTHER. Can it be recycled?

5. What colour is Bakelite?

Ans. Bakelite is commonly found in colours such as different variations of yellow – dark yellow, butterscotch, and various shades of green.

6. How is Bakelite weight calculated?

Ans. Solid bakelite weighs around 1.25 grams per cubic centimetre or 1 250 kilograms per cubic meter, i.e. density of bakelite. If we talk about the imperial or US customary measurement systems, the density is equal to 78.035 pounds per cubic foot [lb/ft³].

Kindly visit – 

Polystyrene Repeat Unit | Polystyrene Properties

What is a Plastic Mold? | Parts of Plastic Mold | Applications of Plastic Mold

Plastic Thermoforming Mold: Information about Male Vs. Female Molds

Final Thoughts –

Bakelite deserves a tribute from us for changing our lives in such subtle ways; that’s what I did here.

I have to accept this was a different topic for me to write about, but I enjoyed it more than I expected. Kindly share your reviews and questions in the comment box.

Peace Out 🙂